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Cábala

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Kabbalah or Kabbalah, the true pronunciation is: Kabbalah (the Hebrew קבלה pronounced Kabala Kabbalah, Kabbalah "receiving") is one of the main currents of Jewish mystical . The structural basis of this study is the analysis of Tree of Life. Among the Jews, tradition and set oral explaining the meaning of Scripture , and therefore understood by Kabbalah knowledge about heavenly things through the exercise of the study and observance of precepts and rules above.

In ancient Jewish literature, kabbalah was the total body of received doctrine, except Pentateuch. So incluíaa poets and hagiographers oral traditions later incorporated into the Mishnah .

Content

Origins of Kabbalah itself While [1] arises towards the end of XII century, its origins ; genes can be traced to the emerging diaspora Jewry Hellenistic (about century BC) and earlier. So much so that according to legend and classical authors Pico della Mirandola , Johannes Reuchlin and Wilhelm Schickard , the cabal would be but a knowledge of an esoteric that God would have revealed first Adam, Abraham despuésa and then Moses in Mount Sinai while he was delivering the Tablets of the Law that Jews were around the XIII century BC . also intended to God taught the truths and mysteries through the angel Raziel after the fall of the first man.

Kabbalah An important contribution we owe to Abraham Abulafia (born in Zaragoza in 1240). One of the most important sources of the Kabbalah is the Zohar or Book of Splendor, written by Simeon Ben Yohai . The basic idea is that there exposed, the bosom of the Divinity hides or Infinite (the Ain Sof ), there was a light beam that gave rise to Nowhere ( Ain), identified with a sphere ( sefirah ) or region, which is called Keter ('crown') . From this crown supreme God emanate nine other areas (the sefirot ). These ten areas are different aspects of God by which it automanifiesta.

The system described is multiplied and multiply again, progressively generating thousands and thousands of similar systems possessing ten inner areas of light each shrinking. This process resulted in the formation of the world we live in (see Chap Numerologíay Cabal. XXI).

Understanding Kabbalah

According to the website Kab.tv :

Kabbalah predates any religion, theology and was given to mankind by God himself, without prerequisites or preconditions. According to Kabbalistic teachings, the universe operates according to certain supremely powerful principles. By understanding these principles and learn to act according to them, greatly improving life in the immediate, and does the medium and long term, the true fulfillment for ourselves and for all humanity .
So, just how the basic physical laws such as gravity and magnetism exist independently of our will and our conscience, the spiritual laws of the universe influence our lives each gave aya all times. Kabbalah gives the power to understand and live in harmony with these laws, and also use them to benefit ourselves and the world .
Kabbalah is much more than an intellectually compelling philosophical system. Is an accurate description of the intertwined nature between the spiritual and physical reality, and is a total compendium of powerful methods, while practical to achieve worthy goals within those realities. Simply put, Kabbalah gives the tools needed to achieve happiness, fulfillment, and to carry the Light of the Creator's life. Is the way to achieve peace and joy that every human being wants and deserves, the deepest essence of your being .

The above explanation refers to the modern and updated vision of the Kabbalist. Kabbalah comes to light as such between the XII and XIII in Provence and Catalonia through Jewish communities in the area inevitably linked to Middle East. So we can say that the cabal was born in Sefarad, the English Jewish community. Kabbalah as well as in the Jewish mystical traditions all that accumulated from before Christ and came to reinterpret scripture so many different ways to create a mystique came close to Gnosticism or Hasidism.

In essence, the Kabbalah (a word that means "take" for some, "key" to others) is a 'science' that searches the Torah (the Pentateuch , the first five books of the Bible ), the meaning of the world and the "truth." To interpret the hidden meanings of the five books and they are looking for revelation. Can be understood in a metaphysical, seeking enlightenment, or may be understood as a means through which to get to know the reality that surrounds us. Kabbalistic is the statement that "absolute knowledge serves no purpose but a means." For the Kabbalists, the language is creative and the Torah contains all text, all the combinations that can be taken to create other worlds and other realities. The Kabbalists understand that the name of God is composed of all the letters in the alphabet and it therefore has many forms. God used the letters to create the universe through its emanations or sefirot .

Anyway some say that there is a Christian cabal, to which others respond by saying that as close to the Jewish mysticism of Kabbalah is the Cathar .

Speculative speculative Kabbalah investigates the hidden meaning on Scripture, and the mysteries of nature and creation, and is subdivided into artificial or symbolic and real or dogmatic.

  • In the speculative symbolic hermeneutics prescribes certain rules to decipher the hidden meaning of Bible texts. Thus, to decipher the hidden meaning of the texts of the Bible (which is seen accompanied by a hidden meaning) are placed vertically one above the other words in different verses of Scripture, resulting in new words Reading the letters vertical. The words are arranged in tabular form to be read vertically or boustrophedon . The words come together completely and are separated again, and so on. A rules respond to this order the three varieties of speculative Kabbalah symbolic
    • Gematria considers the numerical value of the word or words in the text, whose meaning is investigated, which will be another strange word , whose letters add up to the same numerical value as that or those. Thus, in Genesis XLIX, 10, reads: "Do not take his wand Judah, or (miss) the legislature (the supreme torch) from those of his generation ( offspring) until the coming of the Pacific ( Shiloh Yabosh ). " To know who is the peaceful, Kabbalists add the number values of the Hebrew words "until the coming of the Pacific" which provide Yod is 10, is 2 Bet, Alef equals 1, equals 300 Shin, Yod is 10, Lamed is equal to 30, I is equal to 5, total 358. As the values of the letters you enter the word Mashiach מָשִׁיחַ are also 358, the Pacific will be the Messiah .

ט October
Alefato the Hebrew alphabet of 22 characters
Figure Lyrics Symbol Equity Value Figure Lyrics Symbol Equity Value
א 'The Aleph The 1 ס Sámej S S 60
ב Bet B BV 2 ע 'Áyin O O 70
ג Gimel G G 3 פ Pe P P 80
ד Dálet D D 4 צ Tsadik Ts Ts 90
ה He' H H 5 ק Quf Q Q 100
ו Vav V U, W, F 6 ר Reish R R 200
ז Zayín Z Z 7 ש Shin Sh Sh S 300
ח Jet J J 8 ת Taf T T 400
T T 9 ך final K 500
י Yod I Y, I 10 M final ם 600
כ Kaf K K 20 final N ן 700
ל Lamed The The 30 ף final P 800
מ Mem M M 40 ץ Ts final 900
נ a N N 50 א " Aleph ' 1000

    • In Notaricon meet, as an acrostic, the initial or final letters of words in a sentence whose meaning you want to read, with the resulting word, discover it. Thus, the Hebrew words that correspond to the first three of which Abraham said to Isaac in the act of sacrifice: "The victim, my son, God will provide" (Genesis XXII 8) starting with Aleph, Yod, Lamed that together form AIL voice (heb), Carnero, and indeed, the ram is stated in verse 13. In
    • Temur, the new meaning of a word taken out by transposing the letters that make up, or separated to form different words, ie a procedure anagrammatical . Much has been made of numerology connected to the cabal. Each letter as an operator is assigned a number, giving it even more cryptic meanings of texts like the Torah or, indeed, any other.
Kabbalistic reading through three basic mechanisms described (gematria, Notaricon Temur) of Torah, written in the language of God, (and numbered according to the Fibonacci progression) reveals not only a divine message, but a description of the mechanism of the world, and serves as the "instruction manual" to intervene in it. Temur is the permutation of letters as an anagram . Since in Hebrew there voice, reading a word as YHWH is still WHYH, HWYH, each with a particular symbolic meaning possible. The Gematria is another discipline of interpretation is obtained from numerical calculations of the letters of Alefato . This sums up 10 possible meanings for each letter, to wit: on the concept that conceal, to its strict meaning, its form, its number, its significance celestial (astrological zodiac), its location No time (in seasons, days of the week and months), its relationship with the human body, its effect on the skills and gifts of the man, symbolizing the important characters in the history of Israel and even specifying the direction of the channels that link the ten sefirot ). The Notaricon, finally, "read between the lines' responses revealed that the divine language remains hidden to the uninitiated reader. It is basically taking the initials of a series of words, or the final letters, and then new material drawn from prophetic, "not" known "and accurate. Since Hebrew has no vowels, you can get a considerable amount of hidden words. Umberto Eco cites an example of Sirach which asks: "Who will ascend us into the kingdom of heaven? . " Taking the initial and final letters of each word, you get the following response: "The righteous shall see God ."
  • dogmatic speculative Kabbalah explains the hidden meanings of certain words of the Bible, applying the phenomena of the history of creation. It is of two species, the science of Merkaba , which is the world supralunar, or the teologíay metaphysics and science Bereshit, which deals in the sublunary world. That is, the phenomena.

practical Cabala Kabbalah seeks practical purposes such as healing the sick, the expulsion of a demon, by invoking script tetragramático name (Adonai) or certain passages or words from the Bible, hanging them on tablets the patient's neck.

structure of the Sefirot


The cabal is composed of ten spheres (sefirot ) , usually listed in the order in which the ray of God down to create the world, which is the same number that is used by the hermetic cabal Europeanized.

They are listed below their names and meaning translated from Hebrew :

  1. Keter (Crown. Providencia balancing).
  2. Hochma (Wisdom). Bina
  3. (Always Active Intelligence).
  4. Chesed (Mercy. Greatness).
  5. Gevurah (Justice. Force).
  6. Tiphereth (The Beauty).
  7. Nétsaj (The Victory of Life over Death). Hod
  8. (The Eternity of Being Gloria).
  9. Yesod (The Foundation. Generation cornerstone of stability).
  10. Malchut (The Kingdom. Top of Form).

In Kabbalah tight, heavily influenced by Eliphas Levi and Aleister Crowley , is considered the mystical way of sorcerer as a journey in the opposite direction to the beam God, that is, starting and ending Malchut in Keter.

Bibliography

  • Aubier, Dominique. Don Quixote, and Kabbalist prophet. Barcelona: Peradejordi Salazar, Julio (ed.), 1981. ISBN 978-84-300-4527-3
  • Bar Yochai, Rabbi Shimon . The Zohar, translated, explained and discussed . Complete work (in preparation). Barcelona: Ediciones Obelisco.
  1. Volume I. Hakdama. Bereshit section (1A-29A) . General introduction to the study of Kabbalah, adequate preparation for this study, the Prologue to The Zohar, the first part of the Section of Bereishit and an appendix on the divine name of forty two letters. Glossary and detailed index of biblical citations. 2006. ISBN 978-84-9777-312-6 .
  2. Volume II. Bereshit section (29A-59A) . Study on the Wisdom of the Unification. Glossary and detailed index of biblical citations. 2007. ISBN 978-84-9777-380-5 .
  3. Volume III. Bereshit section (59B-96B) . Study on the concept of teshuva, the spiritual return, reconciliation with the Creator and repentance. 2007. ISBN 978-84-9777-415-4 .
  4. Volume IV. Section of Bereshit (97A-130A). Sections Jaiei Vaierá and Sarah (Genesis) . Study on the resurrection of the dead. Appendix which clarifies the cardinal concepts of resurrection, biblical and Talmudic sources. 2008. ISBN 978-84-9777-459-8 .
  5. Volume V. Bereshit section (134b-165b) . Study on the mystical meaning of the biblical accounts of the Patriarchs, "dream of Jacob's ladder and the encounter with his brother Esau, and study about the concept of reincarnation according to the Kabbalistic sages. 2008. ISBN 978-84-9777-493-2 .
  6. Volume VI. Bereshit section (165b-193rd) . Study of the deeper meaning of the fight between Jacob and the angel, the change of name from Jacob to Israel, the dreams of Joseph and his sale through his brothers. Completing the passages discussed in this volume and its predecessor, includes a study on the mystery of the twelve tribes of Israel. 2009. ISBN 978-84-9777-526-7 .
  7. Volume VII. Section of Bereishit (193rd-211b) . Mystic analysis of the Pharaoh's dreams, the interpretation of them through Joseph, and Joseph extrañoy mysterious reunion with his brothers after years of separation and estrangement. With the intention of completing the biblical passages discussed in this volume and in previous ones, includes a study on the interpretation of dreams. 2009. ISBN 9788497775663 .
  • -. The Zohar: The Book of Splendor . Translated by Carles Giol. 1 st ed., 4 th imp. Barcelona: Ediciones Obelisco, 1996. ISBN 978-84-7720-463-3 .
  • Ben Shem Tov, Moses . Zohar. Book of Splendor. Blue publisher. Barcelona, 1999. ISBN 84-930440-0-8
  • Idel, Moshe. Kabbalah and Eros . Translated by: Pablo García Acosta. The Tree of Paradise 63. Madrid: Ediciones Siruela, 2009. ISBN 978-84-9841-284-0
  • -. Kabbalah. New perspectives . Translator: Maria Tabuyo y Agustín López. Madrid: Ediciones Siruela, 2005. ISBN 978-84-7844-913-2
  • Kaplan, Aryeh . Sefer Yetzirah = El libro de la creación , Madrid: Equipo Difusor del Libro, 2002. ISBN 84-95593-06-8
  • Laenen, J. H. La mística judía. Una introducción . Traducción de Xabier Pikaza. Colección: Estructuras y Procesos. Religión. Madrid: Editorial Trotta , 2006. ISBN 978-84-8164-744-0
  • Mate, Reyes & Forster, Ricardo. Colaboradores José Antonio Zamora, Esther Cohen, Joaquín Lomba Fuentes, Esther Shabot Askenazi, Angelina Muñiz-Huberman, Daniel Lvovich, Ernesto Bohoslavsky, Gonzalo Alvarez Chillida, Adrian Jmelnizky July, Mauritius Pilatowsky. Judaism in Latin America. Collection: Latin American Encyclopedia of Religions 6. Madrid: Editorial Trotta, 2007. ISBN 978-84-8164-909-3
  • San Juan González, Enrique. Kabbalah and spiritual principles for beginners . Barcelona: Mystery School Publishing, 2006. ISBN 978-84-96166-07-3
  • Shlezinger , Aaron. Numerologíay Kabbalah. Barcelona: Ediciones Obelisco, 2008. ISBN 978-84-9777-479-6
  • Scholem, Gershom . There is a mystery in the world . Madrid: Editorial Trotta, 2006. ISBN 84-8164-831-0
    • Languages and Kabbalah. Madrid: Ediciones Siruela, 2006. ISBN 84-7844-943-4
    • Kabbalah and its symbolism . Mexico: Siglo XXI, 1976/2005 (13 th edition). ISBN 968-23-0890-9
    • Mysticism astray. Buenos Aires: Lilmod, 2005. ISBN 987-21897-2-2
    • Names Walter Benjemin secrets. Madrid: Editorial Trotta, 2004. ISBN 84-8164-671-7
    • Walter Benjamin and his angel: fourteen essays and articles . Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Economica , 2003. ISBN 950-557-277-8
    • The origins of Kabbalah . Two volumes. Barcelona: Ediciones Paidós Ibérica, 2001. ISBN 84-493-1079-2 / ISBN 84-493-1080-6
    • Everything is Kabbalah: dialogue with Jorge Drews, followed by ten theses on Kabbalah ahistorical. Madrid: Editorial Trotta, 2001. ISBN 84-8164-463-3
    • basics of Judaism: God, Creation, Revelation, Tradition, Salvation . Madrid: Editorial Trotta, 1998. ISBN 84-8164-237-1
    • The major trends of Jewish mysticism . Madrid: Ediciones Siruela, 1996. ISBN 84-7844-313-4

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